1	Equine Emergency Medicine Dr. John Henton
2	Equine First Aid Kit As Suggested By Dr. John Henton
3	Bandage Material Telfa Pads (non-stick bandages like band-aids) 4x4 Gauze Pads Elasticon Bandage 3 inch (adhesive stretch bandage: expensive) Best available for may wounds and good for pressure over vessels Ace Bandage Clean leg wraps (Derby or Polo Wraps) Vet Wrap (only over adequate padding!!! NEVER DIRECTLY OVER LEG
4	"White tape (Many uses" White tape (Many uses) 2-3" CAN MAKE 1-2" out of wider tape Sheet Cottons Clean leg quilts (Padding for wrapping legs over lacerations) Army Combine (Large clean bulky bandage) Roll gauze or Kling Wrap, (Hold bandages in place) Duct Tape (Bandage Foot, water proof leg bandages)
5	Medications Disinfectant Soap (Chlorohexadine, Povidone Iodine, etc.) Water Soluble antibiotic ointment Silver sulfadiazine Antibiotic powder Panalog Ointment (retards proud flesh) KY Jelly (protects wound while shaving edges) Eye Wash Flouro-strips (used to determine if eye has corneal ulcer)
6	Medications Non Steroid containing eye ointment Rompun* Pain relief for colic and tranquilizer for other times Banamine* Good injectable non-steroidal inflammatory agent, colic ?? Bute Paste Epsom Salts Safety razor & or clippers * only with veterinarians approval
7	Equipment Digital thermometer (mercury type will break in hot weather) Scissors Humane Twitch Splint for leg (Plastic PVC pipe cut in ½)14-16" long & 28" long) Medi boot for hoof (especially good for horses that pulled shoes)
8	What is a True Emergency? Definition: Veterinary Medical Emergency A medical condition which warrants medical treatment immediately
9	What Can I Do?
10	True Emergencies Dystocia Laceration with blood loss Colic Laminitis Choke Long bone fractures
11	Dystocia
12	Dystocia Determine presentation Correct presentation Immediate help is essential If can not correct position - walk to delay labor
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18	Laceration with Blood Loss
19	Laceration with Blood Loss
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23	Laceration with Blood Loss Apply pressure directly on wound Clean compress Elasticon, ace bandage, etc. Keep horse quiet until help arrives don't walk to barn, it will increase bleeding Do not apply ointments or powders Do not try to clean prior to bandage will increase bleeding
24	Laceration with Blood Loss
25	Laceration with Blood Loss
26	Laceration with Blood Loss If bleeding continues, put more bandage on top of first bandage Do not remove the first bandage!!
27	Laceration with Blood Loss Tourniquet Pressure on vessels above or below the wound
28	Colic
29	Colic Prevent self injury Evaluate clinical signs Temperature Pulse Respiration Color of gums
30	"Remove all feed" Remove all feed Walk if necessary, only to prevent rolling Administer drugs only after talking with your Veterinarian Rompun Banamine-may mask clinical signs Dipyrone
31	Traditional Examination By Veterinarian Determine P.R. Assess cardiovascular output Determine intestinal sounds Rectal examinations if possible Pass stomach tube Access gastric reflex
32	Traditional Treatment Mineral oil if no gastric reflex Analgesics IV fluids Surgical correction
33	Laminitis
34	Laminitis Definition: An inflammatory process of the laminae of the hoof. Many times caused by endotoxin, fever, trauma etc. Separation of bony structures from hoof may occur.
35	Clinical Signs Reluctant to move, especially on turns Increased digital pulses May involve all four feet
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39	Early Treatment Do not force exercise Apply frog pressure Apply support to sole Stand in sand
40	Veterinary Treatment Frog pressure Mineral oil Anti-endotoxics Banamine Analgesics Bute Banamine DMSO Orally or IV
41	Esophageal Choke
42	Clinical Signs Nervous Retching Food material out of nose
43	Early Treatment Keep head down Decreases aspiration Walk
44	Veterinary Therapy Tranquilize – Rompun Lowers head Pass stomach tube Flush out obstruction or move obstruction to stomach Muscle relaxants Antibiotics Treat possible aspiration pneumonia
45	Non Weight Bearing Lameness: Longbone Fracture
46	Non Weight Bearing Lameness: Longbone Fracture Do not move Stabilize Splint Robert Jones bandage Very large protective bandage Prevent bone fragments from penetrating skin Increases prognosis Greatly decreases infection
47	Veterinary Therapy Radiograph Determine blood supply of distal extremity Determine if fracture repair practical or possible
48	Problems That Are Not A Veterinary Medical Emergency, But Do Require Veterinary Attention Within 2-4 Hours
49	Problems That Require Veterinary Attention, But Are Not Urgent Emergencies Laceration Not bleeding Non weight bearing lameness Eye problems Retained placenta Sick foals Grain intoxication High fever Other
50	Lacerations Without Significant Blood Loss
51	Lacerations Without Significant Blood Loss Clean area with mild soap Run cold water on wound Apply bandage if possible Clean compress NO ointments or lotions Wounds on legs need immediate care & bandage to allow potential suturing of the laceration Swelling will occur quickly
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58	Non Weight Bearing Lameness
59	Non Weight Bearing Lameness Usually involves one foot/ leg Most likely cause is subsolar abscess
60	Subsolar Abscess Clinical Signs Increased digital pulse Area of sensitivity in sole Check coronary band for lesion
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66	Treatment Establish drainage Draw out infection Soak in Epsom salt water Drawing agents Magnapaste Ichthammol Keep Clean Bandage until defect closed
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69	Subsolar Abscess Drawing agents Soaking in Epsom Salts
70	Subsolar Abscess Bandage with drawing agents Magna paste Icthamol
71	Subsolar Abscess Quittor Bandage Wheat bran/ Epsom Salt Poultice
72	Subsolar Abscess Keep foot covered until defect is closed
73	Eye Problems
74	Clinical Signs Squinting Tearing Swelling
75	Corneal Laceration/ Ulceration Painful Sensitive Graying of the cornea
76	Stain with Fluorescein Area of cornea injured will retain green stain
77	Treatment Early treatment essential Flush Antibiotic ointment No steroids Retards healing Increase possibility of fungal infections
78	Recurrent Uveitis (Moon Blindness) Painful eye Small pupil Eye may become swollen
79	Retained Placenta
80	Retained Placenta Should be passed in 3 hours if retained greater then 3 hours call Veterinarian DAY OR NIGHT Treatment oxytocin IM or as IV drip Uterine treatment Laminitis prevention
81	Sick Foals
82	Sick Foals Look at mare's udder If foal off feed, mare will drip milk & have enlarged udder Normal temperature 100-102.5°F Swollen joints Early - septicemia Diarrhea Foal heat diarrhea is normal Rotavirus Status of foal may change quickly
83	High Fever
84	High Fever Infection Need to determine cause May lead to laminitis Antipyretic drugs Bute Dipyrone Banamine
85	Grain Overload
86	Grain Overload Needs treatment soon Mineral oil Laminitis protection Anti-endotoxic drugs Colic - soon Laminitis - 1-3 days
87	Injection Sites